Sunday, May 2, 2021
Farming organically.
After a couple of years thinking about it, weighing up the pros and cons, farming without using artificial nitrogen, growing a crop of oats successfully without any chemical inputs and an unsuccessful crop of barley I finally took the plunge and signed up to go organic for 5 years, provided that my farm passes inspection. I won't know for definite until September or October. All the 'experts' are telling us that everyone who applies will get in, but they have a bit of a financial motive to say that, everyone who applies to farm organically has to pay a non-refundable €350 to cover the cost of inspection, registration etc. So if there is 400 of us applying that's a nice little pot of €140,000 to keep a few people in a job somewhere.
The deadline for applying to join was 5pm on 30th April, we don't know yet how many applied, last time that applications were being accepted 60 people didn't get in, so they'll get first priority. I will have to farm organically first for 5 months until a decision is made and then until April 2023 in conversion before I get certified.
My first job as an organic farmer yesterday was to spread 1500-2000 gallons of slurry per acre on red clover silage sward and the 'traditional hay meadow'.
The THM can't be cut until 15th of July. The red clover and ryegrass will probably be cut twice this summer, it has just been grazed. The 'experts' tell us that red clover dies if it is cut too low (lower than 7 cms) or if it is grazed too tight. My first experiment as an organic farmer is to investigate what happens if red clover gets grazed hard. I put the cows on to graze red clover to 3 different post grazing heights, high, medium and low. High is about 10cm, mediun is 7cm and low is about 3 cms. I'll have a look at these plots every Saturday for the next few weeks to see what happens.
What changes will I have to make?
Cow numbers are going to be cut by 30% and there will be no more bull beef. All the bulls on the farm are going to be sold ASAP as they are too old to catrate them organically. Instead male calves will be castrated at 7 days with a rubber ring and sold as forward stores at about 18 months. I'm not sure yet what to do with female calves, some will be retained for breeding. I hope to finish some at about 20 months. Selling them at 1 year old to other farmers for breeding is potentially another market too. With vet supervision (€!) we are allowed treat animals for parasites or if they get sick, but withdrawal periods for drugs are double or in some cases treble what it says on the can/bottle. We won't be able to feed non-organic feed to organic cattle.
Housing
This is going to be the hardest for me I think. I have cubicles for the cows, but they need to be bedded for organic, and cattle need a bedded lieback area. Where to put this lieback area could be a problem for me. We are allowed use woodchip as bedding, this is great as I bought a woodchipper late last year.
Cropping
Forestry won't be included in the organic system. I'm already growing red clover for silage. I plan to grow some cereals, oats and perhaps rye in rotation with the red clover. The oats can be sold as a cash crop, apparently organic breakfast cereals are a good market. Approx half my farm is permanant grass which can't be ploughed as it's too rocky/wet. Maintaining fertility is going to be a problem for me, my P levels are adequate but K levels are low. If P and K levels were both low, importing slurry or dairy sludge would be allowed, but I only need K. Perhaps keserite, the raw material for potash fertiliser can be used. Bit of a catch 22 situation here I'm afraid.
I'm looking forward to meeting the challenges of organic farming. I've always been interested in what happens to plants, how they grow etc. but now I'm looking forward to learning about what happens to the soil. How far do different plant roots go down for example? Can I grow crops by strip seeding instead of ploughing? Can I reduce my carbon footprint? Can I make better use of my resources, soil, cattle, buildings and machinery etc.?
Thursday, October 15, 2020
Thursday, March 28, 2019
Woman in chains
Just two weeks ago I was unloading a load of straw. I had to manually push 30 4x4 bales off a lorry. It was hard physical work, as the bales were wedged on the load. I got a bit short of breadth doing it, but at the time didn't think too much about it.
That afternoon I used the tractor and loader to move the 30 bales from the roadside to a stack in the yard. Later my calf muscle was sore, I estimated that over the afternoon I had pressed the clutch pedal about 300 times bringing in the bales. The tractor has 130 hp, so the springs in the clutch are pretty stiff. That evening I was breathless lifting 25kg bags of meal to feed cattle, I was glad to be finished work for the day. That night I again got breathless going upstairs to bed.
Next morning I got up early, as it had rained heavily all night the cows had to be moved to a fresh block of grass. My wife gave me a lift near to where the cows were that night, it was raining heavily and by the time I got back to the house for breakfast I was really short of breadth, again. I took it easy for the day apart from going to the mill for half a ton of meal for the bulls, again throwing the bags into the back of the jeep I became short of breadth. That was Friday of the bank holiday Paddy's day weekend. Any time I exerted myself I was finding it hard.
I took it easy for the rest of the weekend, on Monday I tried to do some work in the yard, the bulls had to be mucked out and gates had to be hung in a shed to do it safely. I managed to hang two gates, but it had taken me 2 hours to do what would normally take me 20 minutes, I was shagged. I went home and called the out of hours GP as it was a bank holiday.
The doc suspected that I had a clot in my lung, it had started in my left calf, hence the pain the previous Thursday. There was an intermittent pain high up in my chest too, it felt like someone poking me hard in the chest with their finger. I had no choice, off to the regional hospital 35 miles away.
Being a bank holiday Monday the A&E dept. was bedlam. I got seen by a triage nurse pretty quickly after arriving at 4.30pm. It would be after 1am on Tuesday morning before I'd see a doctor, 5am before I got a trolley (not a bed) and 8pm Tuesday evening before I actually got a bed.
That afternoon I used the tractor and loader to move the 30 bales from the roadside to a stack in the yard. Later my calf muscle was sore, I estimated that over the afternoon I had pressed the clutch pedal about 300 times bringing in the bales. The tractor has 130 hp, so the springs in the clutch are pretty stiff. That evening I was breathless lifting 25kg bags of meal to feed cattle, I was glad to be finished work for the day. That night I again got breathless going upstairs to bed.
Next morning I got up early, as it had rained heavily all night the cows had to be moved to a fresh block of grass. My wife gave me a lift near to where the cows were that night, it was raining heavily and by the time I got back to the house for breakfast I was really short of breadth, again. I took it easy for the day apart from going to the mill for half a ton of meal for the bulls, again throwing the bags into the back of the jeep I became short of breadth. That was Friday of the bank holiday Paddy's day weekend. Any time I exerted myself I was finding it hard.
I took it easy for the rest of the weekend, on Monday I tried to do some work in the yard, the bulls had to be mucked out and gates had to be hung in a shed to do it safely. I managed to hang two gates, but it had taken me 2 hours to do what would normally take me 20 minutes, I was shagged. I went home and called the out of hours GP as it was a bank holiday.
The doc suspected that I had a clot in my lung, it had started in my left calf, hence the pain the previous Thursday. There was an intermittent pain high up in my chest too, it felt like someone poking me hard in the chest with their finger. I had no choice, off to the regional hospital 35 miles away.
Being a bank holiday Monday the A&E dept. was bedlam. I got seen by a triage nurse pretty quickly after arriving at 4.30pm. It would be after 1am on Tuesday morning before I'd see a doctor, 5am before I got a trolley (not a bed) and 8pm Tuesday evening before I actually got a bed.
There were a lot of cops passing in and out of outpatients, sometimes they had a prisoner with them, sometimes not. They were going out for a smoke, one guy was in pjs. must have been on a witness protection programme or something. There was a big revolving door at the exit, and the prisoner got in the same section as me at one stage in the revolving door, the look of panic on the cop's face was priceless. Didn't know I had such a bad reputation.
The other prisoner going in and out for a smoke was a young blond woman, they had a 4 ft chain on her wrist attached to either of the two prison wardens with her. This woman was really striking, not that tall, her long hair was tied in a ponytail, she had a scorpion tattoo on the nape of her neck. After I got my trolley bed she was in the same ward and used to pass me a few times a day with her guardian in tow. I used to nod to her and she'd smile or say hi as she passed.
I didn't see her again after I got moved to a real bed. I stayed in hospital for a few days getting tests and scans done. There was a big delay getting an MRI done. Eventually on the Thursday it got done and a lovely doc called Lamese looked after me. When I was leaving the hospital she surprised me by shaking hands with me, I was surprised because I didn't think doctors shook hands because of hygiene and all that jazz. Turns out I had a clot on my lung, they gave me drugs to help break it down. I'm still on drugs today to prevent another clot forming, and it looks like I'll be on them for life.
About a year later I was paying for diesel at a local filling station and there behind the till was the woman in chains. No chains this time, just a big friendly smile. She had more tattoos on her arms and I complimented her on them, She spoke English with an Eastern European accent. I've been back to the filling station a few times since, but haven't seen her. I hope she's ok and able to keep out of trouble.
Tuesday, March 12, 2019
I hate March
If I die of natural causes it will be in the month of March. It's when I am at my lowest ebb, most stressed, even though it is spring, for me the winter isn't over yet. Last year there was a heavy fall of snow in early March after a fairly mild if wet winter. Same again this year, no snow and hardly any frost all winter then snow again in late February and early March.
Our seasons have changed, there can be no doubt about it, plum trees flowered in January this year, but now it is colder than it was in January, some buds are struggling to burst on the hawthorn, but it is like as if spring has been put on hold for now.
Our birds are finding it tough too. Yesterday as I drove into my yard I noticed a sparrow hawk perched on the gable over the front door, he didn't fly away as I approached, I say 'he' because males are smaller. He had no fear of me, if anything he looked hungry and miserable. We try and have an unkempt garden to provide food and shelter for wildlife, perhaps he had his eye on a blackbird or the pair of wood pigeon who have started nesting in the ivy on the garden wall. If our top predator birds like a sparrow hawk are having trouble surviving then it is a good indicator that the whole ecosystem is in trouble. I see hawks regularly flying along the road about 6 feet above the ground then diving through a field gateway, or hovering on a stiff breeze watching their prey, but I rarely see them near the house or in the garden, but that's the second time I saw a hawk in a garden this week.
Occasionally I see a barn owl too at dusk, I believe he roosts in the roof of an old house in the yard, s/he's the reason I don't lay rat bait in the yard, but I haven't seen it since the autumn. There are also some pheasants who gather up the scraps of meal after feeding cattle. For anyone who thinks wild game meat hasn't been fed GM food, I hate to tell you but you might want to re-think that one next time you are ordering something gamey in a fancy Dublin restaurant.
Our seasons have changed, there can be no doubt about it, plum trees flowered in January this year, but now it is colder than it was in January, some buds are struggling to burst on the hawthorn, but it is like as if spring has been put on hold for now.
Our birds are finding it tough too. Yesterday as I drove into my yard I noticed a sparrow hawk perched on the gable over the front door, he didn't fly away as I approached, I say 'he' because males are smaller. He had no fear of me, if anything he looked hungry and miserable. We try and have an unkempt garden to provide food and shelter for wildlife, perhaps he had his eye on a blackbird or the pair of wood pigeon who have started nesting in the ivy on the garden wall. If our top predator birds like a sparrow hawk are having trouble surviving then it is a good indicator that the whole ecosystem is in trouble. I see hawks regularly flying along the road about 6 feet above the ground then diving through a field gateway, or hovering on a stiff breeze watching their prey, but I rarely see them near the house or in the garden, but that's the second time I saw a hawk in a garden this week.
Occasionally I see a barn owl too at dusk, I believe he roosts in the roof of an old house in the yard, s/he's the reason I don't lay rat bait in the yard, but I haven't seen it since the autumn. There are also some pheasants who gather up the scraps of meal after feeding cattle. For anyone who thinks wild game meat hasn't been fed GM food, I hate to tell you but you might want to re-think that one next time you are ordering something gamey in a fancy Dublin restaurant.
Saturday, January 19, 2019
Pruning spruce trees.
If any readers have tried to walk through a young spruce plantation before the first thinning you'll know what I'm writing about. I planted 12 acres of trees 15 years ago. Before planting we put horses on the land to graze it bare, the reason for this was so that the guy digging the drains and mounding the spoil could see the lines of mounds easily and make neat straight lines of trees which were planted on the mounds.
There is a shallow drain every 12m with 6 mounds between the drains, which gives me a row of trees every 2m, but along the rows they can be as close as 1.7m apart. There are at least 2,500 trees per ha, it's basically impenetrable to humans right now. Eventually through periodic thinning the final crop of trees will be just 400 per ha. The first thinning will remove 1 row in 7 to allow access.
I'm trying to make a path perpendicular to the 1 in 7 rows before they get taken out. I use a secateurs and a pruning saw to cut the dead branches off the line of trees from ground level to about 2m high. When I started I didn't really know what I was doing, I was kneeling on the ground to cut the bottom branches off first, then alternatively using the secateurs and saw I would work my way up the tree, using the saw for the thicker branches. I was getting about 5 trees done per hour!
Now I think I've mastered it, here's how I do it.
Some of the 15 year old Sitka spruce are 20cm at dbh, the Norway spruce are a bit smaller at 15cm dbh for the best of them. By giving myself access I am able to select the better trees for high pruning to 2.7m this should help give me higher quality, knot free sawlogs in the final 400 trees per ha.
Bit more reading here;
https://www.forestry.gov.uk/PDF/FCBU035.pdf/$FILE/FCBU035.pdf
There is a shallow drain every 12m with 6 mounds between the drains, which gives me a row of trees every 2m, but along the rows they can be as close as 1.7m apart. There are at least 2,500 trees per ha, it's basically impenetrable to humans right now. Eventually through periodic thinning the final crop of trees will be just 400 per ha. The first thinning will remove 1 row in 7 to allow access.
I'm trying to make a path perpendicular to the 1 in 7 rows before they get taken out. I use a secateurs and a pruning saw to cut the dead branches off the line of trees from ground level to about 2m high. When I started I didn't really know what I was doing, I was kneeling on the ground to cut the bottom branches off first, then alternatively using the secateurs and saw I would work my way up the tree, using the saw for the thicker branches. I was getting about 5 trees done per hour!
Now I think I've mastered it, here's how I do it.
- I put my hood up
- I push my way in past the branches, secateurs in my right hand
- I prune a few light branches approx. 1,2-1.4m above the ground
- Now that I have a bit of space I swap the saw for the secateurs
- I'm right handed so I saw with my right and hold branches with my left
- The path I've already cut is behind me with the branches I've cut to my left
- I start cutting branches on the left hand side of the tree, working my way down the tree holding the cut branches and the branch I'm cutting in my left hand. This ensures a clean cut
- I cut about a quarter of the branches in a line down the left side of the tree, I dump the cut branches to my left
- I take a step forward, working clockwise around the tree I cut another line down the tree, this time starting at head height now that I have room to work.
- I work my way round the tree, dumping cut branches away from what will be my path.
- On the larger trees, if the branches are dead I cut them off above my head as far as I can reach.
- I put the saw in the scabbard and trim small branches with the secateurs, at this stage all the raindrops and loose needles have fallen off so I drop the hood to help me cool off as I tidy the light branches
- Then it's on to the next tree, secateurs in hand, hood up.
Some of the 15 year old Sitka spruce are 20cm at dbh, the Norway spruce are a bit smaller at 15cm dbh for the best of them. By giving myself access I am able to select the better trees for high pruning to 2.7m this should help give me higher quality, knot free sawlogs in the final 400 trees per ha.
Just behind the pruned tree is a drain from which the soil for the mounds was taken before planting.
First few branches cut off from 1.2m to ground level.
About 1/4 of the branches that I'll be taking off are removed at this stage. Now that I have some space I can work up to about 2m.
Just a few left, cut branches are on left, pathway on right.
I cut just outside the branch collar so that the bark will quickly grow over the wound.
Finally I tidy up with a secateurs, taking care to keep the blade next to the tree. This means that the part of the branch bruised by the anvil part of the secateurs is removed, again helping the bark to heal quicker.
1 tree done.
This tree will hopefully be one of the final crop and has been pruned to 3.5m
Bit more reading here;
https://www.forestry.gov.uk/PDF/FCBU035.pdf/$FILE/FCBU035.pdf
Wednesday, November 7, 2018
Winter has Arrived
I have a cold. I got wet moving electric fences last Saturday. I feel like I have the flu, but it's probably just a head cold not man-flu. I'm dosing myself with lemsip with extra honey added to the hot water 3 times a day, if there were oranges in the house I'd be dosing myself with them as well. Even though I am allergic to oranges. Sometimes I wonder am I just allergic to the chemicals they use to grow the oranges instead of being allergic to the actual oranges themselves?
Did you ever notice if you peeled an orange and threw the skin on the yard how long it lasts? Months later the feckin thing would still be there to annoy you like a plastic wrapper. I've never seen organic oranges for sale either.
Winter is officially here, we've had halloween, the remains of the pumpkin have been placed in front of the bulls but they are very slow to eat it. They prefer the GM maize, GM soya, beet pulp, maize distillers(GM) and rapeseed meal mixed with native barley, and wheat all camouflaged with a bit of molasses and biscuit meal. Sometimes I think us farmers are dumb.
We grow top quality barley, and instead of keeping it ourselves to finish cattle, we haul it to the miller, get paid €200 a ton for it, then buy it back, mixed with a load of mostly US food/distiller by-products and pay over €300 a ton for it AND pay haulage both ways. Not only that but we have to sell the finished product to meat processors who have thousands of finishing cattle in feedlots mostly owned by Irish farmers who have gone broke trying to finish cattle. As I scratch my head I can feel my blood pressure rising.
I'm off now to put 75kg of by-products in front of my 15 finishing bulls, who let's face it when they're sold will just about pay the miller and the bank repayments for this year. Talk about hamsters on wheels......
Just to end on a good note I bought a second-hand Barbour wax coat on ebay for £13 + postage so at least when I'm feeding cattle for the rest of this winter I'll be dry, and hopefully won't get wet by rain again. Thanks doggywoof, fixed that zip with 5 minutes of filing and due to my cold I can't smell your dog off it either.
https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/MENS-BARBOUR-KHAKI-ZIP-UP-WATERPROOF-WAX-OUTDOORS-JACKET-XL-XLARGE-BROKEN-ZIP/332858166448?ssPageName=STRK%3AMEBIDX%3AIT&_trksid=p2057872.m2749.l2649
Did you ever notice if you peeled an orange and threw the skin on the yard how long it lasts? Months later the feckin thing would still be there to annoy you like a plastic wrapper. I've never seen organic oranges for sale either.
Winter is officially here, we've had halloween, the remains of the pumpkin have been placed in front of the bulls but they are very slow to eat it. They prefer the GM maize, GM soya, beet pulp, maize distillers(GM) and rapeseed meal mixed with native barley, and wheat all camouflaged with a bit of molasses and biscuit meal. Sometimes I think us farmers are dumb.
We grow top quality barley, and instead of keeping it ourselves to finish cattle, we haul it to the miller, get paid €200 a ton for it, then buy it back, mixed with a load of mostly US food/distiller by-products and pay over €300 a ton for it AND pay haulage both ways. Not only that but we have to sell the finished product to meat processors who have thousands of finishing cattle in feedlots mostly owned by Irish farmers who have gone broke trying to finish cattle. As I scratch my head I can feel my blood pressure rising.
I'm off now to put 75kg of by-products in front of my 15 finishing bulls, who let's face it when they're sold will just about pay the miller and the bank repayments for this year. Talk about hamsters on wheels......
Just to end on a good note I bought a second-hand Barbour wax coat on ebay for £13 + postage so at least when I'm feeding cattle for the rest of this winter I'll be dry, and hopefully won't get wet by rain again. Thanks doggywoof, fixed that zip with 5 minutes of filing and due to my cold I can't smell your dog off it either.
https://www.ebay.co.uk/itm/MENS-BARBOUR-KHAKI-ZIP-UP-WATERPROOF-WAX-OUTDOORS-JACKET-XL-XLARGE-BROKEN-ZIP/332858166448?ssPageName=STRK%3AMEBIDX%3AIT&_trksid=p2057872.m2749.l2649
Friday, July 13, 2018
Drought
We are having the hottest, driest summer here since 1976. I can remember it being too hot to go outside in '76. This time I stay in for a siesta in the afternoon, work in the early morning and start a bit of work again in the evening around 7. It's strange that peak temperature is around 5pm. I thought it would be earlier, around 2pm.
We've been going to the beach at the weekends to cool off. The Atlantic is bloody freezing. Perhaps it is the big difference in the air temperature compared to the water and our white bodies are having a problem coping with the difference. But I suspect the Atlantic is colder than it used to be, there is a lot of northern ice after melting in the last few years. perhaps that is why we are getting wetter winters, snow in spring and hotter drier summers.
On the farm things are ok, cattle are content with dry grass, water and some shade for the hottest part of the day. We have enough grass for 3 more weeks, hopefully it will rain. but there is a soil moisture deficit of approx 90 mm.- not good. I heard the sheriff called to one of the neighbours about his water bill, he's got a month to gather up some money. We still have to make pit silage, we have about 40 bales made. If it stays dry I'll wholecrop the barley and pit that. Fuck the grain merchant. He'll survive, I have to do what I have to do to survive too. I'm thinking of putting in some fodder crops like rape/turnip/kale etc. But if I put them in too early they may not grow, if I leave it too late the yield won't be there. I sowed bird cover before the 15th June and it has only germinated in a few really wet places.
Money wise we are ok, I sold some cull cows and they brought in €1100 each. But cattle prices are crashing since. England are out of the world cup and they were eating a lot of steaks and burgers every time they had a game.
Longer term I think we will be better off with a lower stocking rate. This reduces pressure on feed but also reduces sales. But when the bottom line is calculated out we could be better off producing less as climate changes.
We've been going to the beach at the weekends to cool off. The Atlantic is bloody freezing. Perhaps it is the big difference in the air temperature compared to the water and our white bodies are having a problem coping with the difference. But I suspect the Atlantic is colder than it used to be, there is a lot of northern ice after melting in the last few years. perhaps that is why we are getting wetter winters, snow in spring and hotter drier summers.
On the farm things are ok, cattle are content with dry grass, water and some shade for the hottest part of the day. We have enough grass for 3 more weeks, hopefully it will rain. but there is a soil moisture deficit of approx 90 mm.- not good. I heard the sheriff called to one of the neighbours about his water bill, he's got a month to gather up some money. We still have to make pit silage, we have about 40 bales made. If it stays dry I'll wholecrop the barley and pit that. Fuck the grain merchant. He'll survive, I have to do what I have to do to survive too. I'm thinking of putting in some fodder crops like rape/turnip/kale etc. But if I put them in too early they may not grow, if I leave it too late the yield won't be there. I sowed bird cover before the 15th June and it has only germinated in a few really wet places.
Money wise we are ok, I sold some cull cows and they brought in €1100 each. But cattle prices are crashing since. England are out of the world cup and they were eating a lot of steaks and burgers every time they had a game.
Longer term I think we will be better off with a lower stocking rate. This reduces pressure on feed but also reduces sales. But when the bottom line is calculated out we could be better off producing less as climate changes.
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